噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)強化工(gong)藝，用(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)來(lai)提高零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械強度、耐磨性(xing)、抗疲勞性(xing)和耐腐蝕性(xing)。也(ye)(ye)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)鑄造、鍛造和焊接(jie)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)消光、除垢(gou)和消除殘(can)余(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械表(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理工(gong)藝。其原(yuan)理是利(li)用(yong)(yong)高速旋轉的(de)(de)(de)葉輪甩出(chu)小(xiao)鋼(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)或小(xiao)鐵球(qiu)(qiu)來(lai)清潔零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，從而提高外觀(guan)質量，使(shi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)美(mei)觀(guan)。同時(shi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)焊接(jie)拉應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)變為壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，延(yan)(yan)長了工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(包括鑄球(qiu)(qiu)、切球(qiu)(qiu)和不銹鋼(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)等。直徑(jing)在0.23.0之間(jian)。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)是將高速旋轉的(de)(de)(de)葉輪噴(pen)(pen)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)鋼(gang)丸(wan)(wan)或鐵丸(wan)(wan)，以(yi)高速撞擊零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，從而強化零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)。噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)修改(gai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)不僅(jin)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理，也(ye)(ye)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)釋放。目(mu)前市場上銷售的(de)(de)(de)濕式噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機(ji)都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)理。噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)粒(li)通常是剛玉，介質是水。拋(pao)丸(wan)(wan)一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)，噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)用(yong)(yong)細砂(sha)。根據(ju)科學研究，有(you)拉應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)比有(you)壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)更容易破壞金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)。當零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)承受壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)時(shi)，材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)疲勞壽(shou)(shou)命大(da)大(da)提高。因此，噴(pen)(pen)丸(wan)(wan)通常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)軸等容易疲勞斷裂的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，使(shi)其表(biao)面(mian)(mian)形成(cheng)壓(ya)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)，從而延(yan)(yan)長產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命。另外，由于(yu)金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對張(zhang)力(li)(li)敏感，金屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)抗拉強度遠低于(yu)抗壓(ya)強度，所(suo)以(yi)機(ji)械中一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)(yong)抗拉強度(屈(qu)服、拉伸)來(lai)表(biao)示金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)性(xing)能(neng)。

而噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)來對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進行去污，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)下一(yi)(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序做準備，比(bi)如噴(pen)(pen)(pen)漆(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)烤漆(qi)，也是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)保(bao)持(chi)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面一(yi)(yi)致性。需要(yao)(yao)理(li)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)可(ke)以(yi)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)，但噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)就(jiu)沒(mei)那么明顯了(le)(le)。通常拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)材(cai)(cai)料是(shi)(shi)小鋼球，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)材(cai)(cai)料是(shi)(shi)石(shi)英砂(sha)(sha)。根據號(hao)碼。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)應(ying)保(bao)證下一(yi)(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。復(fu)雜形狀一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采用(yong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)，不(bu)易手工(gong)(gong)除(chu)銹(xiu)，效率低，現場環(huan)境差，規則形狀采用(yong)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)，污染小。有幾點需要(yao)(yao)了(le)(le)解：1.噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)都是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)面處(chu)理(li)，但并不(bu)意(yi)味著只噴(pen)(pen)(pen)鑄件(jian)，其他部位也可(ke)以(yi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)。2.噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)去除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵銹(xiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)皮等。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)相對(dui)更多(duo)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)不(bu)僅可(ke)以(yi)去除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵銹(xiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)皮，還可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)表(biao)(biao)面粗(cu)糙(cao)(cao)度(du)，去除(chu)毛刺和(he)(he)(he)(he)消除(chu)內應(ying)力(li)，減少零(ling)件(jian)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變形，提(ti)高(gao)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐磨性和(he)(he)(he)(he)抗壓能(neng)力(li)。4.目前噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)手工(gong)(gong)操作，而拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)自動和(he)(he)(he)(he)半自動。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現代定義：拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種機(ji)械表(biao)(biao)面處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱，類似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝有噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)(he)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種冷(leng)處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝，分為(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)丸(wan)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)清(qing)(qing)理(li)顧名思義就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)表(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)皮等雜質(zhi)，提(ti)高(gao)外觀質(zhi)量。拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)高(gao)速運(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈丸(wan)(60-110米(mi)/秒(miao))持(chi)續沖(chong)擊(ji)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面，在循(xun)環(huan)變形過程中迫使目標表(biao)(biao)面和(he)(he)(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)層(0.10-0.85毫米(mi))發生以(yi)下變化(hua)(hua)：

1.微結構被修改;

2.非均(jun)勻塑性變形的外表(biao)層引入殘余壓應力(li)，內表(biao)層產生殘余拉應力(li);

3.外表面(mian)粗糙度(du)發(fa)生變化(hua)(Ra Rz)。影響：可(ke)提(ti)高材(cai)料/零件(jian)的(de)(de)抗疲勞斷裂能(neng)力，防止疲勞失(shi)效、塑性(xing)變形(xing)和脆性(xing)斷裂，提(ti)高疲勞壽命。噴砂的(de)(de)定義(yi)：噴丸是一種廣(guang)泛應用于工廠的(de)(de)表面(mian)強化(hua)技(ji)術。它(ta)的(de)(de)設備簡(jian)單(dan)，成本(ben)低，不受工件(jian)形(xing)狀和位(wei)置的(de)(de)限制